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Cells in the body grow uncontrollably in cancer, causing the illness tospread throughout the body. Almost everywhere in the human body,there is the possibility of cancer because the body is composed oftrillions of cells. The human body normally produces new cells as itneeds them by growing and multiplying cells. A cell dies when it growsold or becomes damaged, and it is replaced by a new one.In some cases, this orderly process malfunctions, which leads toabnormal or damaged cells growing and multiplying which theyshouldn’t. As a result of these cells, tumors may form. It is possible for atumor to be cancerous or not. It is possible for cancerous tumors tospread to distant parts of the body by invading nearby tissues or byspreading into nearby tissues. It is also possible to refer to canceroustumors as malignant tumors. Solid tumors are formed by many cancers,but leukemias, for example, usually do not.A benign tumor doesn’t spread to nearby tissues, nor does it invadethem. Cancerous tumors sometimes grow back after being removed,whereas benign tumors don’t. There are times, however, when benign How Cancer Actually Starts? During proper cell division and growth, genes tell cells when to divideand grow. Each cell makes a copy of itself when it divides. When a singlecell divides, it produces two identical cells, then two identical cellsproduce four, etc. Cells in adults normally divide in order to make morecells only when they are needed, for example, as replacements for agingor damaged ones.However, cancer cells differ from normal cells. Mutations in genes areresponsible for turning a normal cell into a cancer cell. As our geneswear out, we can inherit gene mutations or develop them over time asour genes wear out. We can also get gene mutations from smoking,drinking, or being exposed to ultraviolet light.For understanding cancer cells, it is crucial to understand how theybehave differently from normal cells. Rather than dying when it should, itstarts growing and dividing out of control. Moreover, they are lessmature than normal cells, so they remain immature. It is the abnormaland uncontrolled growth of cells that causes all cancers, despite theirmany types. All cells in the body are capable of causing cancer. How Cancer Grows Day By Day? Cells with gene mutations may grow out of control or fail to die whenthey should due to interference with normal instructions. Cancer cells actdifferently from normal cells, so they can continue to grow. Normal cellsdiffer from cancer cells in the following ways: It is inevitable that cancer cells will divide and grow into tumours as theydivide. There are no differences between cancer cells and normal cellswhen it comes to their needs. To grow and survive, they need oxygenand nutrients from the blood supply. In small tumors, oxygen andnutrients are provided by nearby blood vessels, so they can grow easily.Cancer cells require more oxygen and nutrients as they grow, so a tumorneeds more blood to supply them. As a result, cancer cells stimulatetumors to grow new blood vessels. The process of angiogenesis is responsible for tumor growth and expansion. It also facilitates thespread of cancer cells to other parts of the body by allowing them toenter the bloodstream. Many researchers are investigating drugs thatstop blood vessel growth, thereby slowing the growth of tumors andeven shrinking them. How Cancer Spreads to Other Body Parts? It is possible for cancer cells to spread to nearby tissues and structuresas a tumor grows by pushing against the normal tissue beside it. Ascancer cells grow, they also produce enzymes that breakdown normalcells and tissues. The term invasive cancer refers to cancer that growsinto nearby tissues.It is also possible for cancer to spread from one part of the body toanother. It is known as metastasis. Through the blood or lymphaticsystem, cancer cells can spread to new sites in the body when theybreak away from a tumor. Where Can Cancer Spread? There are some areas of the body where cancer tends to spread. In orderto classify cancers based on where they are located in the body and whether they have spread, doctors have developed staging systems.Staging systems range from 1 to 4 for many types of cancer.It helps doctors predict how a cancer will grow if they know how itspreads and where it may spread. Providing appropriate supportive careand planning treatment is also made easier by this information. Any partof the body can be affected by cancer, but lymph nodes, bones, thebrain, the liver, and the lungs are most likely to be affected. Why Does Cancer Come Back Sometimes? In spite of treatment methods such as surgery, chemotherapy, andradiation therapy, cancer can sometimes return. Moreover, some cancerscan recur decades after they were first diagnosed. Cancer recurrencesare often metastatic. Cancers that were first diagnosed in stages 1 or 2may recur in stages 4 with metastases. A majority of cancer deaths occuras a result of metastases. During cancer treatment, the goal is to prevent the growth orpersistence of cancer cells in the body. Breast and lung cancers aretreated with adjuvant chemotherapy when they are in an early stage.Recurrences of cancer can occur in people who have previously beentreated successfully. There is no reason to believe that their treatmentwas incorrect or unsuccessful. The more important thing is to recognizethat some cancers have a higher possibility of returning. When to See an Oncologist in Nepal? When it comes to consulting a medical oncologist in Nepal, you can doso as soon as you experience any of the cancer symptoms, or cancerrecurrence symptoms. The cancer specialist in Nepal will then check youthoroughly and let you know about your condition afterwards. The bestcancer treating doctor will also help you in each and every phase of yourtreatment procedures. As per the top medical oncologist in Nepal, Dr.Sudip Shrestha, it is essential to share every symptom as well asexperience with your cancer doctor to make the process much moreefficient.

Myth 1: Blood in the urine is a sure indication of kidney cancer. Fact: The presence of blood-colored urine is a symptom of kidneycancer, but it can also indicate a urinary tract infection (UTI), which isnot cancerous. However, red-colored urine should never be ignored. Myth 2: My kidneys are fine if I have no obvious discomfort likedifficulty urinating.Fact: An absence of external symptoms does not mean a person doesnot have kidney disease. As kidney conditions usually don’t manifestsymptoms until they are advanced. Do not ignore symptoms – speakwith your doctor or healthcare provider. Myth 3: Smoking does not contribute to Kidney cancer.Fact: Smoking doubles the risk of kidney cancer, which accounts forabout 30% of male kidney cancers and about 25% of female kidneycancers. Myth 4: Women are at higher risk of developing kidney cancer.Fact: The incidence of kidney cancer is roughly twice as high in menas it is in women. However, studies have also found that women withpolycystic ovary syndrome (POS) have an increased risk of kidneycancer because of elevated levels of androgensMyth 5: Kidney cancer cannot be detected early. Fact: Nowadays, kidney cancers can even be detected by routineultrasound and urine tests because people are more aware of theirhealth and have annual check-ups. Early detection leads to earliertreatment and a longer life for the patient. Dr.Sudip Shrestha Founder & Executive Chairman Sr. Consultant Medical Oncologist Nepal Cancer Hospital & Research Center Designation: Founder and Chairman, Senior Consultant Medical Oncologist Qualification: MBBS, MD, Post Graduate Training in Medical Oncology Department: Medical Oncology Special interest: Chemotherapy, Immunotherapy, Targeted Therapy, Precision Medicine Consult now

In most cases, cancer prevention knowledge is still evolving. You’re wellaware, however, that your lifestyle choices affect your risk of developingcancer. Changing your lifestyle can make a significant difference to yourhealth if you are interested in preventing cancer. Here are some tips forpreventing cancer: Avoid using tobacco There is no better way to take care of your mouth, and of your entirebody, than by doing this. You are more at risk if you smoke more and fora longer period of time. Whether you’re new to it or have been doing itfor years, stopping now is beneficial. Quitting will improve yourtreatment, you will heal faster, and it will be less likely to return if you doget cancer. Avoid smoking if you don’t already. Eat a balanced diet Nutritional deficiencies can cause changes in your mouth that increaseyour risk of cancer. Fruits and vegetables contain vitamins andantioxidants that boost your immune system and keep you healthy.Getting 5 servings a day is a good idea, as well as mixing them up forvariety. You should eat carrots, Brussels sprouts, and squash regularly forgood oral health. If you want to maximize the cancer-fighting power of your fruit andvegetables, don’t cook them too much. For the best results, eat someraw. In order to ensure they remain tender, stop cooking them when theyare still a bit firm. High heat can also produce cancer-causing substancesin cooking oils. So, baking, boiling, or steaming is a better alternative tofrying. Keep a healthy weight and exercise regularly Keeping a healthy weight may lower the risk of cancers such as breastcancer, prostate cancer, lung cancer, colon cancer, and kidney cancer.Your immune system is boosted by an active lifestyle, and your cancerrisk is reduced. Running, jogging, cycling, swimming, strength training,and weight lifting are all examples of these forms of exercise. Don’t expose yourself to the sun The sun can damage your lips as well as raise your chances of skincancer. During the day, stay away from direct sunlight, since it’sstrongest at that time. Wear a wide-brimmed hat when you go outside toshade your face. Wear lip balm that contains a minimum SPF of 15, anduse it often. Avoid tanning beds as well. Consider getting vaccinated HPV is a group of viruses that are very common. It can be in your mouthwithout you knowing it. This is because it rarely causes any problemsmost of the time. Some people, however, can develop cancer as a resultof these changes. HPV can be prevented with a vaccine, but it is mosteffective if you get it before you start sexual activity. The number ofpartners you have should be limited if you are already practicing safesex. Make sure you check your mouth once a month It’s your responsibility to keep an eye on things between dental visits.Open up wide in front of the mirror once a month. Observe ulcers andunusual patches of red or white that last at least three weeks. Take alook inside your mouth, including your roof and floor, your tongue andgums. Whenever you are unsure about anything, see your dentist. Visit the doctor on a regular basis Dental care is more than polishing your teeth, filling cavities, andreminding you to floss. The doctors check for cancerous growths on yourtongue, cheeks, and inside your mouth. Any problems they spot early oncan be easier to treat as they are on the front lines. Annual dental visitsare recommended. Dr.Sudip Shrestha Founder & Executive Chairman Sr. Consultant Medical Oncologist Nepal Cancer Hospital & Research Center Designation: Founder and Chairman, Senior Consultant Medical Oncologist Qualification: MBBS, MD, Post Graduate Training in Medical Oncology Department: Medical Oncology Special interest: Chemotherapy, Immunotherapy, Targeted Therapy, Precision Medicine Consult now

Each year, Lung Cancer Awareness Month in Nepal serves as a powerful reminder of the importance of education, early detection, and support for those affected by this devastating disease. Lung cancer remains one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide, including Nepal, where its prevalence continues to rise. By shedding light on this critical issue and fostering awareness, we can unite as a community to fight against lung cancer and make a meaningful impact on prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. The tissue lining the air passages of the lungs is most often affected bylung cancer, which forms in lung tissue. These conditions are caused byuncontrollable cell growth and reproduction, usually as a result ofexposure to toxins such as tobacco smoke, radiation, and asbestos. Thetype of cell where lung cancer begins traditionally determines itsclassification. It is now possible for doctors to diagnose the disease atthe molecular level as well. An examination of the DNA and proteinsproduced by cancer cells is usually the focus of this approach. What is Lung Cancer Awareness Month? There is an official month dedicated to raising awareness of lung cancerin November. In 1995, Lung Cancer Awareness Day was held for the firsttime. During the past decade, the lung cancer community and lungcancer movement have grown and the day has evolved into Lung CancerAwareness Month. As part of the month-long campaign, people acrossthe country raise awareness about lung cancer and support the lungcancer community.One or both lungs may develop lung cancer if abnormal cells growuncontrolled. Aside from that, these abnormal cells lack the capacity todevelop into healthy lung tissue and do not function normally. It ispossible for the abnormal cells to form tumors as they grow andinterfere with the lung’s function, which supplies the body with oxygen.Smoking is the most common cause of lung cancer, but environmentalexposures, such as radon, workplace toxins, and air pollution alsocontribute to the disease. Quitting smoking, reducing exposure tosecond-hand smoke, and reducing the risk of exposure to environmentaland workplace factors can reduce lung cancer risk. When Did Lung Cancer Awareness Month Start? The month of November marks Lung Cancer Awareness Month, a monthdedicated to raising awareness about the disease and promoting moreresearch. Unfortunately, lung cancer ranks second in terms of thenumber of cases worldwide and has been shown to be the leading cause of cancer death for both men and women. Therefore, those who smokeor have quit within the past 15 years are recommended to get screenedyearly for lung cancer. During this month of Lung Cancer Awareness,pledge to educate everyone around you about the condition.As lung cancer comprised only 1% of all cancers until 1878, it wasconsidered a rare disease. In 1918, this percentage had risen to 10%, andby 1927, it had risen to over 14%. Over the years, smoking had increased,but the adverse effects it has on the human body hadn’t yet beendiscovered. As early as 1929, German physicians recognized thatsmoking contributes to lung cancer. As a result, Nazi Germany became aleader in the anti-tobacco movement, which later spread to other areasof the world experiencing lung cancer epidemics. Why is it Important to Celebrate Lung Cancer Awareness Month? The month of November is dedicated to raising awareness about lungcancer. As a result, lung cancer survivorship stories are being celebratedand awareness is being raised for much-needed research. Each year,around 400,000 more early screenings have been conducted as a resultof Lung Cancer Awareness month. A total of 400,000 more patients arebeing treated earlier each year as a result of earlier diagnosis. The purpose of it is to raise awareness? Lung cancer is discussed in detail this month, along with ways to preventit. Additionally, it explains how common it is and why everyone needs tobe cautious. Early detection is encouraged As a part of Lung Cancer Awareness Month’s theme. In this way, the disease can be caught at an early stagebefore it becomes lethal. It emphasizes the dangers of smoking Additionally, the month discusses smoking as a potential risk factor forlung cancer. Several non-smoking campaigns are also held throughoutthe month. How Can You Raise Awareness About Lung Cancer? In order to raise awareness about lung cancer, you can do various thingssuch as wearing a ribbon and discussing new lung cancer research areas. During Lung Cancer Awareness Month, wear the lung cancer ribbon: What is the color of the lung cancer ribbon? Lung cancer awarenessribbons can be pearl or white, but you can also choose something else.You can paint your nails white, wear a white shirt and pearls, or wear aribbon throughout the month of November. Make a donation to lung cancer research: Several foundations are dedicated to funding “best-in-class” lung cancerresearch that will benefit patients the most. Contribute to the funding ofthe next round of lung cancer research grants. Making a donation orstarting a fundraiser is easy: Make sure your social media channels are full of awareness facts: The month of November is Lung Cancer Awareness month, so help yourfriends and family know about the importance of screening andbiomarker testing for lung cancer. With downloadable images andimportant lung cancer awareness facts, it can be printed out, posted,tweeted or emailed. Tell your lung cancer experience: It is a very small and special group of people who survive lung cancer.Depending on their stage and age, they might have been diagnosed atdifferent times. There may be differences in the biomarkers of their lungcancers. In spite of this, all of these stories have a common theme. Discuss some exciting new lung cancer research areas: While going through the major discoveries made in the last 10 years,there have been the massive promotion in the detection and treatmentof the lung cancer. It hence has been the leading focus in many of these research areas as well. You can hence share these research materialswhich helps the lung cancer patients to bring hope. Lung Cancer Awareness Month in The Context of Nepal: Many ways exist in Nepal to commemorate lung cancer awarenessmonth. Here, we’ve listed out few of them. Let’s have a look at thesemeasures: Lung cancer screening: Lung cancer screening helps … Read more

केमो थेरा पी भनेको के हो ? यसले कसरी का म गर्छ? केमोथेरापी भनेको क्यान्सर कोशिका(cancer cells)हरू नष्ट गर्न औषधिको प्रयोगगरी उपचार गर्ने पद्धति हो। यस क्यान्सर उपचारमा, क्यान्सर विशेषज्ञहरूलेकेमोथेरापीको रूपमा एक वा बढी क्यान्सर विरोधी औषधिहरू प्रयोग गर्छन्।क्यान्सर कोशिकाहरू सामान्यतया सामान्य कोशिकाहरू भन्दा छिटो बढ्छन् रविभाजित हुन्छन् त्यसैले केमोथेरापी औषधिहरूले कोशिकाहरूलाई आक्रमण गरेरवा क्यान्सर कोशिकाहरूलाई बढ्न, छिटो विभाजन हुन, र थप कोशिकाहरूबनाउनबाट रोक्न काम गर्दछ। धेरै फरक केमोथेरापी औषधिहरू उपलब्ध छन्।केमोथेरापी औषधिहरू विभिन्न प्रकारका क्यान्सरहरूको उपचार गर्न एक्लै वासंयोजनमा प्रयोग गर्न सकिन्छ। केमो थेरा पी कस्तो अवस्था मा प्रयो ग गरि न्छ? ओन्कोलोजिस्ट(Oncologist)हरूले विभिन्न समयमा तथा विभिन्न तरिकालेकेमोथेरापी प्रयोग गर्छन् जस्तै :अन्य उपचारहरूलाई अझ प्रभावकारी बनाउनको लागि- उदाहरणकालागि, रेडियोथेरापी (केमोरेडिएशन) सँग जोडेर वा शल्यक्रिया गर्नुअघि प्रयोग गरिन्छ। यसलाई Neo-adjuvant केमोथेरापी भनिन्छ।शल्यक्रिया वा विकिरण थेरापी पछि कुनै पनि बाँकी रहेका क्यान्सरकोशिकाहरूलाई नष्ट गर्न र क्यान्सर फिर्ता आउने जोखिम कम गर्नप्रयोग गरिन्छ। यसलाई adjuvant केमोथेरापी भनिन्छ।क्यान्सरलाई पूर्ण रूपमा निको पार्न। यसलाई उपचारात्मक(curative) केमोथेरापी भनिन्छ।उपचार सम्भव नभएको अवस्थामा लक्षणहरू कम गर्न। यसलाईप्यालिएटिभ (palliative) केमोथेरापी भनिन्छ। रगत वा lymphatic प्रणालीको क्यान्सरको उपचार गर्न, जस्तैleukemia र lymphoma.शरीरका अन्य भागहरूमा फैलिएको क्यान्सरको उपचार गर्न जसलाईमेटास्टेटिक (metastatic) क्यान्सर भनिन्छ।उपचार पछि फेरि फर्केर आउने क्यान्सरको उपचार गर्न जसलाईपुनरावर्ती (recurrent) क्यान्सर भनिन्छ। केमो थेरा पी कसरी दि इन्छ? केमोथेरापी विभिन्न तरिकामा दिन सकिन्छ:injected केमोथेरापी: औषधिहरू सीधै मांसपेशीमा injection कोमाध्यमबाट दिइन्छ। धेरै फरक केमोथेरापी औषधिहरू उपलब्ध छन्।केमोथेरापी औषधिहरू नितम्ब, तिघ्रा, हात वा पेटमा विभिन्न प्रकारकाक्यान्सरहरूको उपचार गर्न एक्लै वा संयोजनमा प्रयोग गर्न सकिन्छ।इंट्रा भेनस (IV) केमोथेरापी: धेरै औषधिहरूलाई सिधै नसामा इंजेक्शनगर्नु पर्ने हुन्छ। यी औषधिहरू हातको नसामा सुई भएको ट्यूबछिराएर वा छातीको नसामा रहेको उपकरणमा छिराएर दिइन्छ।यसलाई continuous infusion किमोथेरापी पनि भनिन्छ।Intra-arterial (IA) केमोथेरापी: औषधिहरू सिधै सुई वा नरम पातलोट्यूब (catheter) मार्फत क्यान्सरलाई बढाउने धमनी (artery)मापठाइन्छ।oral केमोथेरापी: केहि केमोथेरापी औषधिहरू मुखबाट लिन सकिन्छ।तिनीहरू ट्याब्लेट, क्याप्सूल वा तरल पदार्थमा हुन सक्छन्।tropical केमोथेरापी: केही प्रकारको छालाको क्यान्सरको उपचारगर्न केमोथेरापी औषधिहरू भएका क्रिम वा जेलहरू छालामा प्रयोगगरिन्छ।कुनै केमोथेरापी औषधिहरू सिधै शरीरको एक भागमा दिन सकिन्छ।यस श्रेणीमा निम्न केमोथेरापीहरू समावेश छन्:इन्ट्रा पेरिटोनियल (intraperitoneal) केमोथेरापी: यो औषधि सीधैperitoneal cavity मा दिइन्छ जसमा कलेजो, आन्द्रा, पेट र अंडाशयजस्ता अंगहरू पर्छन्। इन्ट्रा प्लुरल (Intrapleural) केमोथेरापी: औषधि सीधै छातीकोcavityमा दिइन्छ।इन्ट्रा थेकल (Intrathecal) केमोथेरापी: मेरुदण्ड र मस्तिष्क वरपरकोक्षेत्रमा पाइने cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) मा औषधि दिइन्छ।इन्ट्रा भेसिकल (Intravesical) केमोथेरापी: यो औषधि मूत्रमार्ग(urethra) मार्फत मूत्राशय (bladder)मा दिइन्छ। केमो थेरा पी का side effect हरू कस्ता हुन्छन्? विकिरण थेरापी वा शल्यक्रियाको विपरीत, जसले विशेष क्षेत्रहरूलाई लक्षित गर्दछ,केमोथेरापीले सम्पूर्ण शरीरमा काम गर्दछ। त्यसैले यसले छाला, कपाल, आन्द्रा रहड्डीको स्वस्थ कोशिकाहरूलाई पनि असर गर्छ। यही कारणले उपचारबाट विभिन्नside effect हरू निम्त्याउँछ, जस्तै: वाकवाकी लाग्नुउल्टी हुनुपखाला लाग्नुकपाल झर्नुभोक नलाग्नेथकान हुनुज्वरो आउनुमुखमा घाउ आउनुकब्जियतकेही केमोथेरापी औषधिहरूले अरु ढिलो-विकसित साइड इफेक्टहरू निम्त्याउनसक्छ जस्तै:दोस्रो क्यान्सरको जोखिमकब्जियतPeripheral neuropathy(स्नायु क्षति)बाँझोपनमुटुको समस्यामधुमेहमृगौला समस्याफोक्सोको तन्तुको ्षत Dr.Sudip Shrestha Founder & Executive Chairman Sr. Consultant Medical Oncologist Nepal Cancer Hospital & Research Center Designation: Founder and Chairman, Senior Consultant Medical Oncologist Qualification: MBBS, MD, Post Graduate Training in Medical Oncology Department: Medical Oncology Special interest: Chemotherapy, Immunotherapy, Targeted Therapy, Precision Medicine Consult now