Chemotherapy in Nepali (केमोथेरापी)

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केमो थेरा पी भनेको के हो ? यसले कसरी का म गर्छ? केमोथेरापी भनेको क्यान्सर कोशिका(cancer cells)हरू नष्ट गर्न औषधिको प्रयोगगरी उपचार गर्ने पद्धति हो। यस क्यान्सर उपचारमा, क्यान्सर विशेषज्ञहरूलेकेमोथेरापीको रूपमा एक वा बढी क्यान्सर विरोधी औषधिहरू प्रयोग गर्छन्।क्यान्सर कोशिकाहरू सामान्यतया सामान्य कोशिकाहरू भन्दा छिटो बढ्छन् रविभाजित हुन्छन् त्यसैले केमोथेरापी औषधिहरूले कोशिकाहरूलाई आक्रमण गरेरवा क्यान्सर कोशिकाहरूलाई बढ्न, छिटो विभाजन हुन, र थप कोशिकाहरूबनाउनबाट रोक्न काम गर्दछ। धेरै फरक केमोथेरापी औषधिहरू उपलब्ध छन्।केमोथेरापी औषधिहरू विभिन्न प्रकारका क्यान्सरहरूको उपचार गर्न एक्लै वासंयोजनमा प्रयोग गर्न सकिन्छ। केमो थेरा पी कस्तो अवस्था मा प्रयो ग गरि न्छ? ओन्कोलोजिस्ट(Oncologist)हरूले विभिन्न समयमा तथा विभिन्न तरिकालेकेमोथेरापी प्रयोग गर्छन् जस्तै :अन्य उपचारहरूलाई अझ प्रभावकारी बनाउनको लागि- उदाहरणकालागि, रेडियोथेरापी (केमोरेडिएशन) सँग जोडेर वा शल्यक्रिया गर्नुअघि प्रयोग गरिन्छ। यसलाई Neo-adjuvant केमोथेरापी भनिन्छ।शल्यक्रिया वा विकिरण थेरापी पछि कुनै पनि बाँकी रहेका क्यान्सरकोशिकाहरूलाई नष्ट गर्न र क्यान्सर फिर्ता आउने जोखिम कम गर्नप्रयोग गरिन्छ। यसलाई adjuvant केमोथेरापी भनिन्छ।क्यान्सरलाई पूर्ण रूपमा निको पार्न। यसलाई उपचारात्मक(curative) केमोथेरापी भनिन्छ।उपचार सम्भव नभएको अवस्थामा लक्षणहरू कम गर्न। यसलाईप्यालिएटिभ (palliative) केमोथेरापी भनिन्छ। रगत वा lymphatic प्रणालीको क्यान्सरको उपचार गर्न, जस्तैleukemia र lymphoma.शरीरका अन्य भागहरूमा फैलिएको क्यान्सरको उपचार गर्न जसलाईमेटास्टेटिक (metastatic) क्यान्सर भनिन्छ।उपचार पछि फेरि फर्केर आउने क्यान्सरको उपचार गर्न जसलाईपुनरावर्ती (recurrent) क्यान्सर भनिन्छ। केमो थेरा पी कसरी दि इन्छ? केमोथेरापी विभिन्न तरिकामा दिन सकिन्छ:injected केमोथेरापी: औषधिहरू सीधै मांसपेशीमा injection कोमाध्यमबाट दिइन्छ। धेरै फरक केमोथेरापी औषधिहरू उपलब्ध छन्।केमोथेरापी औषधिहरू नितम्ब, तिघ्रा, हात वा पेटमा विभिन्न प्रकारकाक्यान्सरहरूको उपचार गर्न एक्लै वा संयोजनमा प्रयोग गर्न सकिन्छ।इंट्रा भेनस (IV) केमोथेरापी: धेरै औषधिहरूलाई सिधै नसामा इंजेक्शनगर्नु पर्ने हुन्छ। यी औषधिहरू हातको नसामा सुई भएको ट्यूबछिराएर वा छातीको नसामा रहेको उपकरणमा छिराएर दिइन्छ।यसलाई continuous infusion किमोथेरापी पनि भनिन्छ।Intra-arterial (IA) केमोथेरापी: औषधिहरू सिधै सुई वा नरम पातलोट्यूब (catheter) मार्फत क्यान्सरलाई बढाउने धमनी (artery)मापठाइन्छ।oral केमोथेरापी: केहि केमोथेरापी औषधिहरू मुखबाट लिन सकिन्छ।तिनीहरू ट्याब्लेट, क्याप्सूल वा तरल पदार्थमा हुन सक्छन्।tropical केमोथेरापी: केही प्रकारको छालाको क्यान्सरको उपचारगर्न केमोथेरापी औषधिहरू भएका क्रिम वा जेलहरू छालामा प्रयोगगरिन्छ।कुनै केमोथेरापी औषधिहरू सिधै शरीरको एक भागमा दिन सकिन्छ।यस श्रेणीमा निम्न केमोथेरापीहरू समावेश छन्:इन्ट्रा पेरिटोनियल (intraperitoneal) केमोथेरापी: यो औषधि सीधैperitoneal cavity मा दिइन्छ जसमा कलेजो, आन्द्रा, पेट र अंडाशयजस्ता अंगहरू पर्छन्। इन्ट्रा प्लुरल (Intrapleural) केमोथेरापी: औषधि सीधै छातीकोcavityमा दिइन्छ।इन्ट्रा थेकल (Intrathecal) केमोथेरापी: मेरुदण्ड र मस्तिष्क वरपरकोक्षेत्रमा पाइने cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) मा औषधि दिइन्छ।इन्ट्रा भेसिकल (Intravesical) केमोथेरापी: यो औषधि मूत्रमार्ग(urethra) मार्फत मूत्राशय (bladder)मा दिइन्छ। केमो थेरा पी का side effect हरू कस्ता हुन्छन्? विकिरण थेरापी वा शल्यक्रियाको विपरीत, जसले विशेष क्षेत्रहरूलाई लक्षित गर्दछ,केमोथेरापीले सम्पूर्ण शरीरमा काम गर्दछ। त्यसैले यसले छाला, कपाल, आन्द्रा रहड्डीको स्वस्थ कोशिकाहरूलाई पनि असर गर्छ। यही कारणले उपचारबाट विभिन्नside effect हरू निम्त्याउँछ, जस्तै: वाकवाकी लाग्नुउल्टी हुनुपखाला लाग्नुकपाल झर्नुभोक नलाग्नेथकान हुनुज्वरो आउनुमुखमा घाउ आउनुकब्जियतकेही केमोथेरापी औषधिहरूले अरु ढिलो-विकसित साइड इफेक्टहरू निम्त्याउनसक्छ जस्तै:दोस्रो क्यान्सरको जोखिमकब्जियतPeripheral neuropathy(स्नायु क्षति)बाँझोपनमुटुको समस्यामधुमेहमृगौला समस्याफोक्सोको तन्तुको ्षत Dr.Sudip Shrestha Founder & Executive Chairman Sr. Consultant Medical Oncologist Nepal Cancer Hospital & Research Center Designation: Founder and Chairman, Senior Consultant Medical Oncologist Qualification: MBBS, MD, Post Graduate Training in Medical Oncology Department: Medical Oncology Special interest: Chemotherapy, Immunotherapy, Targeted Therapy, Precision Medicine Consult now

5 Diet Plans During Cancer Treatment

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Diet Plans During Cancer Treatment

A well-balanced and nutritious diet plays a vital role in providing essential nutrients, supporting the immune system, minimizing treatment side effects, and improving overall quality of life for cancer patients. In this article, we will explore five diet plans that can be beneficial during cancer treatment, helping patients optimize their nutritional intake and manage common challenges they may face along the way. Your body’s immune system can be weakened by cancer and itstreatment by affecting the blood cells that protect us from disease andgerms. This makes your body less effective at fighting infection anddisease than a person who is healthy.It is inevitable that your body will not be able to defend itself very wellduring cancer treatment. Because of this, you might not have enoughwhite blood cells to fight infection for some time. A doctor may adviseyou to stay away from germs that may cause infection. Avoiding or eating certain kinds of foods will not raise your white blood cell counts. But, you can definitely keep yourself healthy by doing so. Possible Side Effects of Cancer Treatment Nausea and Vomiting Feeling sick and throwing up are the symptoms of nausea and vomiting.Having them together is common. Nausea and vomiting can be causedby cancer and its treatments. The anti-nausea medicine you take at homeafter chemotherapy will be prescribed with your treatment. Many peoplefeel better after receiving this treatment, but some may still feel sick orvomit. Constipation If you are constipated, you have hard, difficult bowel movements.Different factors can contribute to it, including the following: Diarrhea The symptoms of diarrhea include frequent loose, watery bowelmovements. Moreover, cramps and pain may accompany the urge to goto the bathroom. The causes of diarrhea include chemotherapy, radiationtherapy, immunotherapy, certain types of surgery, medicines, infections,food reactions, and anxiety. Loss of Appetite Loss of appetite refers to the feeling of not wanting to eat. In addition tofeeling sick, not enjoying the smell of food, and worrying about thediagnosis and treatment, this may be caused by the side effects of cancer itself or the treatment. It is possible for weight loss andmalnutrition to be accompanied by a loss of appetite. Problems in Chewing and Swallowing It takes the cooperation of your lips, teeth, tongue, jaw, and throatmuscles to chew and swallow. The jaw, mouth, and throat areas can beaffected by radiation therapy or surgery. Sometimes, these changes canbe permanent, but they are usually temporary. Changes in Taste and Smell Food can have a different taste or smell after some treatments. In orderto regain your sense of taste, it may take a few months. Sometimes,changes are permanent. Water can even be a problem for some people.Drinking enough water each day and swallowing medicine with watermay be difficult due to this condition. Benefits of Good Diet During treatment You don’t have to worry about getting enough calories and nutrientswhen you’re healthy. It is recommended to eat lots of vegetables, fruits,and whole-grain products; limit red meat consumption, especiallyprocessed or high-fat meat; avoid fat, sugar, alcohol, and salt; andmaintain a healthy weight. Having side effects or feeling ill can make itdifficult to do these things when you’re being treated for cancer.Cancer and its treatments can affect how you eat, which makes goodnutrition even more important. Besides affecting food tolerance, theycan also affect nutrient absorption. To withstand the effects of cancerand its treatment, you may need to change your diet during cancertreatment. It may mean eating foods you don’t normally recommendwhen you are healthy.Cancer patients have varying nutritional needs. It is possible to identifyyour nutritional goals with the assistance of your cancer care team. If youeat well while being treated for cancer, you may benefit from: Foods to Choose During Cancer Treatment For your body to fight cancer, you need to eat a variety of foods. Inaddition to proteins, fats, carbohydrates, and water, these nutrients alsocontain vitamins and minerals. Proteins Keeping our immune systems healthy and growing requires protein. Youmay need to break down muscle for fuel if you don’t get enough proteinin your diet. Consequently, recovering from illness takes longer andinfection resistance is lowered. Cancer patients often require moreprotein than normal. Protein is needed to help heal tissues and preventinfection after surgery, chemotherapy, or radiation therapy. Fats Nutrition relies heavily on fats. Our bodies are fueled by fats and oils. Inaddition to storing energy, insulating tissues, and transporting vitaminsthrough the blood, the body breaks down fats. There are several types ofit, including: Carbohydrates Energy comes primarily from carbohydrates in the body. During physicalactivity and for proper organ function, the body requires carbohydratesfor fuel. Whole grains, fruits, vegetables, and legumes are the bestsources of carbohydrates as well as vitamins, minerals, and fiber. Water Liquids and fluids are essential for health. A cell’s ability to functionrelies on water. Dehydration can result from not drinking enough fluidsor losing fluids through vomiting or diarrhea. This can lead to adangerous imbalance in the fluids and minerals that are necessary tokeep your body functioning. To make sure that all the body cells getenough fluid, a person should drink about four 8-ounce glasses of liquidevery day. Vitamins and Minerals In order to use food’s energy properly, your body needs vitamins andminerals. Natural sources include foods, but supplements are alsoavailable as pills and liquids. It is usually possible to get plenty ofvitamins and minerals by eating a balanced diet that includes enoughcalories and protein. How to Cope with The Side Effects of Cancer Treatment? If you are experiencing side effects as a result of your treatment, youmay benefit from some dietary changes. There are several side effectsassociated with this: Nausea Vomiting Constipation Diarrhea Loss of appetite Problems in chewing and swallowing Changes in taste and smell Foods to Avoid For Cancer Patients It is common for people with cancer not to have much appetite,particularly during or after treatment. Both the disease and treatmentrequire good nutrition to help your body cope. In order to preventcancer, you must avoid certain foods and eat healthy foods. Unpasteurized Dairy Products During cancer treatment, you can’t protect yourself as well as younormally can. There is … Read more

Oral Cancer

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Oral cavity cancer is the one that basically occurs in any part of themouth. Oral cancer can also be termed as one of the head and neckcancers. In addition, oral cancer and other head and neck cancers arealso treated in a similar way. If oral cancer is diagnosed in the earlyphase, it can be treated easily. But it could be life-threatening ifdiagnosed in the later phases. According to a report generated, theaverage oral cancer case was 4.9 new cases per 1,00,000 men in Nepal. Parts of Oral Cavity As we’ve discussed previously, oral cavity can occur in any of the partsthat accounts to the mouth. Majorly, it can occur in the followingdifferent parts: Symptoms of Oral Cancer There can be many symptoms that can be observed for oral cancer. The major signs and symptoms of oral cancer might include these: Causes of the Oral Cancer Oral cancer forms when there is a change in the DNA in the cells in the lips or the mouth, normally known as mutations. That DNA consists of the information which then tells the cell what it should do. The changes in the mutations tells the cell to grow continuously and divide if any of the healthy cells dies. Additionally, any kind of abnormal growth of cells in the oral cavity can result in forming a tumor, which is commonly known as oral cancer. If it stays undetected for a longer period, there is a higher chance of cancer cells spreading to other parts of the mouth, or areas of head and neck as well.In general, oral cancers begin in flat and thin cells, called squamous cells that line up the lips and inside of the mouth. It is estimated that squamous cell carcinomas make up the majority of all cancers. Well, it doesn’t have a clear justification on what causes squamous cells tomutate and form a cancer at the end. But, doctors have found out certain risk factors that contribute to increasing the chances of oral cancer. Risk Factors of Oral Cancer Most of the time, oral and oropharyngeal cancer are linked with other head and neck cancers. Many of the risk factors are also similar to one another. Let’s have a look at the risk factors of oral cancer: Tobacco and Alcohol use Use of tobacco can be considered as one of the major factors for head and neck cancer, which includes oral cavity as well as oropharyngeal cancer. People who smoke are at higher risk than the people who don’t smoke. The more you smoke, the higher the risk of having oral cancer. It includes smoking from cigarettes, cigars or pipes. Pipes majorly touch the lips, causing cancer on the lips. On the other hand, heavy drinkers are at higher risk of having oral cancer than light drinkers. Also, the one who smokes as well as drinks at the same time are at even higher risk, ultimately 30 times higher. Betel quid and Gutkha Majorly in the Asian region (more specifically the South Asian region), people prefer to chew betel quid which consists of betel nut, spices, lime and few other ingredients. They also prefer to chew gutka, which is a tobacco product as well. After chewing these products, they are at higher risk of oral cancer. Human papillomavirus (HPV)infection HPV virus itself is a group of about 150 viruses. It can cause cancer inmany different areas like: cervix, vagina, mouth, throat, etc. It is morecommon on the younger generations who hence have a history ofmultiple sex partners (oral sex) and no use of any tobacco or alcoholproducts. Gender In comparison to women, men are much more likely to develop oralcancer and oropharyngeal cancer. It is because since the past, men are much more into consuming tobacco and alcoholic products. Excess body weight If you’re overweight, you’re at higher risk of cancers of the oropharynx or larynx. To reduce the risk, you can consume a lot of vegetables and fruits which will hence help you in reducing weight as well as chance of getting cancer. Age Rather than any other cancers, oral cancer takes many years to develop. In general, the patients who develop this cancer in the first phase are about 45-50 yrs. Ultraviolet (UV) light Direct exposure to the sunlight can cause cancer of the lips. It is majorly common for the people who work outdoors all the time. Poor nutrition As discussed earlier, people who do not consume enough greenvegetables or fruit are at higher risk of getting oropharynx or oral cancer. Genetic syndromes The inherited mutations can also cause cancer. In case of certain genes, people who get the inherited mutations are at the higher risk of mouth and throat cancer. Preventive Measures for Oral Cancer You cannot assure to prevent all cases of the oral cancer, but you cansurely adopt these steps and reduce the risk of developing the cancers: Avoiding tobacco and alcohol Tobacco and alcohol consumption are termed as the greatest risk factors for oral cancer. If you do not smoke, you are not at the higher risk of these cancers. Or if you quit tobacco, it can also lower the risk. Avoiding HPV infection The risk of HPV virus in the mouth or throat increases if you’re prone to oral sex or have multiple sex partners. It is advised not to have oral sex frequently to prevent from getting oral cancer. Do not expose yourself to ultraviolet (UV) rays UV rays can also be considered as one of the important risk factors for lip cancer. It is suggested not to go outdoors during the mid-day when the UV rays are strongest. If you’ve to go, you can use some sunscreen, hats, etc. Eat healthy and maintain a good health Poor nutrition and excess body weight can also result in oral cancer as well as oropharyngeal cancer. If you eat healthy food and follow a strict routine, you can have a healthy body as well as a healthy mind all the time. As a … Read more

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